Human communication, or anthroposemiotics, is the field dedicated to understanding how humans communicate. Human communication is grounded in cooperative and shared intentions.
<p>Richmond and McCroskey (2009) state that "the importance of communication in human society has been recognized for thousands of years, far longer than we can demonstrate through recorded history." Humans have communication abilities that other animals do not. Being able to communicate aspects like time and place as though they were solid objects are a few examples. It is said that humans communicate to request help, to inform others, and to share attitudes as a way of bonding.Category of human communication
The current study of human communication can be branched off into two major categories; rhetorical and relational. The focus of rhetorical communication is primarily on the study of influence; the art of rhetorical communication is based on the idea of persuasion. The relational approach examines communication from a transnational perspective; two or more people coexist to reach an agreed upon perspective.
In its early stages, rhetoric was developed to help ordinary people prove their claims in court; this shows how persuasion is key in this form of communication. Aristotle stated that effective rhetoric is based on argumentation. As explained in the text, rhetoric involves a dominant party and a submissive party or a party that succumbs to that of the most dominant party. While the rhetorical approach stems from Western societies, the relational approach stems from Eastern societies. Eastern societies hold higher standards for cooperation, which makes sense as to why they would sway more toward a relational approach for that matter. "Maintaining valued relationships is generally seen as more important than exerting influence and control over others". "The study of human communication today is more diversified than ever before in its history".
Classification of human communication can be found in the workplace, especially for group work. Co-workers need to argue with each other to gain the best solutions for their projects, while they also need to nurture their relationship to maintain their collaboration. For example, in their group work, they may use the communication tactic of "saving face".
Types of human communication
Human communication can be subdivided into a variety of types:
- Intrapersonal communication (communication with oneself)
- Body language
- Interpersonal communication (communication between multiple people)
- Group dynamics (communication within groups)
- Organizational communication (communication within organizations)
- Cross-cultural communication (communication across cultures)
Important figures
- Colin Cherry
- Jacques Derrida
- Wendell Johnson
- Marshall McLuhan
- Albert Mehrabian
- Carl Rogers
- Norbert Wiener
See also
- Communication basic topics
- General semantics
- History of communication
- Language
- Mass communication
- Mass media
- Pragmatics
- Semiotics
References
Further reading
- Richard Budd & Brent Ruben, Human Communication Handbook.
- Budd & Ruben, Approaches to Human Communication.
- How Human Communication Fails (Tampere University of Technology)
